The coast east of the pass was protected by the Seleucid navy as well as the Chalcis and Demetrias garrisons. Battle of Thermopylae Part of the German invasion of Greece German forces in Thermopylae following the battle Date24–25 April 1941 Location Thermopylae, Greece Result German victory Successful Allied withdrawal Belligerents Australia New Zealand Germany Commanders and leaders … On the night of 23 April 191 BC, Glabrio ordered Marcus Porcius Cato's and Lucius Valerius Flaccus's 2,000-man detachments to assault the Aetolian controlled forts. [10] Antiochus forced Chalcis to open its gates to him and raided a Roman camp at Delium, killing 250 soldiers. The battle was fought for over three days, at … His commanders had warned him that great risks were involved: in 490, at Marathon, about 10,000 Athenians had defeated 25,000 Persians. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His forces quickly seized northern Greece and began moving south. This forced Leonidas to call a war council, at which it was decided that retreating was the best option. [4] In the early spring of 196 BC, Antiochus' troops crossed to the European side of the Hellespont and began rebuilding the strategically important city of Lysimachia. Glabrio and Philip's armies united at Limnaion before joining with that of Baebius at Pellina. Responding, an alliance of Greek city-states, led by Athens and Sparta, assembled a fleet and an army to oppose the invaders. The Battle of Thermopylae took place on 24 April 191 BC. After three days of holding their own against the Persian king Xerxes I and his vast southward-advancing army, the Greeks were betrayed, and the Persians were able to outflank them. The Greek resistance tried to halt Persian progress on land at the narrow pass of Thermopylae and at sea nearby in the straits of Artemisium. Battle of Thermopylae - Spartans and Persians (Image Credit: M. A. Barth - 'Vorzeit und Gegenwart", Augsbourg, 1832 / Public Domain). By Christopher Hart. The Battle of Thermopylae [thər móppəlee] (Greek: Θερμοπύλαι) took place over three days during the second Persian invasion of Greece.It took place simultaneously with the naval battle at Artemisium, in August or September 480 BC, at the pass of Thermopylae ('The Hot Gates'). Since their strategy required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, and given their losses, the Greek navy decided to withdraw to Salamis. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Only Elis, the Boeotian League and Amynander of Athamania declared their allegiance to Antiochus, the later being promised the Macedonian throne for his brother in law Philip of Megalopolis. When you finish Pressfield's work, you will feel you have fought side by side with the Spartans. She received her bachelor’s degree in philosophy and creative writing in 2020 at the University of Iowa. For two days the Greeks defended against Persian attacks and suffered light losses as they imposed heavy casualties on the Persian army. After a brief campaign, Antiochus seized control of half of the Acarnanian League and gained the allegiance of its Strategos Klytos. [6] Thermopylae: The battle that changed the world, by Paul Cartledge How the West was lost - and won. The Seleucids transformed the city into their base of operations, effectively controlling the Greek eastern coast. The Seleucids panicked and broke ranks, leading to the destruction of their force. Despite the reassurances of the Aetolians, most of the Greek states remained neutral, fearing future reprisals. Antiochus countered by claiming that he was simply rebuilding the empire of his ancestor Antiochus II Theos and criticized the Romans for meddling in the affairs of Asia Minor states, whose rights were traditionally defended by Rhodes. [13][14], In December 192, the Seleucids and their Aetolian allies launched a campaign against the Thessalian League from the south, while the Athamanian army attacked from the west. It has been the subject of poems, books, songs, and movies. Before invading, Xerxes implored the Spartan king Leonidas to surrender his arms. The Battle of Thermopylae is believed to have been fought in August 480 BC, during the Persian Wars (499 BC-449 BC). The Seleucids could no longer control the Aegean Sea, opening the way for a Roman invasion of Asia Minor. Although the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 B.C. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This novel is Homeric -- PAT CONROY Despite the emergence of a pro-war party led by Scipio Africanus, the Roman Senate exercised restraint. The Battle of Thermopylae also served as the inspiration for the film 300 (2006). In October 196 BC, Antiochus met with a delegation of Roman diplomats in Lysimachia. Not much to camping in a canyon. The Peloponnesians advised withdrawing to the isthmus and defending only the Peloponnesus there. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Sacred Gate Released on: 2013-04-19 Auto-generated by YouTube. They held their ground against the Persians but were quickly defeated by the vast enemy army, and many (if not all; sources differ) were killed, including Leonidas. View Historic Battle » While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Today, over 2,500 years after the events took place, the defiant last stand of the Greeks is still remembered. The Battle of Thermopylae, 480 BC, was a battle in the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Greek forces, mostly Spartan, were led by Leonidas. [8] Antiochus traveled to Lamia where he participated in the council of the Aetolians, who declared him their Strategos for a year. [3] In 196 BC, Antiochus used the opportunity of Attalus I's death to assault cities controlled by the Attalid dynasty. The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in central Greece at the mountain pass of Thermopylae in 480 BCE during the Persian Wars. [16] At the same time Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio crossed from Brundisium to Illyria with an army of 20,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 15 war elephants. It was fought over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpᵻliː/ thər-mop-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Machē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of … [20] Only 4,000 men answered his call, as the Aetolians feared that their homeland was on the brink of invasion. The Battle of Thermopylae’s political origins can be traced back to Xerxes’ predecessor, Darius I (the Great), who sent heralds to Greek cities in 491 bce in the hopes of persuading them to accept Persian authority. The Greek cities in the region … Dept. The Greek army was led by Leonidas, who was estimated to have had around 7,000 men. In 1955 a statue of Leonidas was erected by King Paul of Greece in commemoration of his and his troops’ bravery. Battle of Thermopylae 480 BCE. Brings the battle of Thermopylae to brilliant life... he does for that war what Charles Frazier did for the Civil War in Cold Mountain. Thermopylae is world-famous for the battle that took place there between the Greek forces (notably the Spartans, Lachedemonians, Thebans and Thespians) and the invading Persian forces, commemorated by Simonides in the famous epitaph, "Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, That here obedient to their laws we lie." If you want to do something in that period the battle … [31], Battle where Rome defeat the Seleucids and the Aetolian League, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Thermopylae_(191_BC)&oldid=1017334151, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 April 2021, at 05:39. In 480 bce Xerxes invaded Greece as a continuation of Darius’s original plan. It was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I. When the Seleucid garrison at Chalcis followed their emperor back to Asia Minor in May 191 BC, Euboean cities immediately welcomed the Romans as liberators. Thermopylae isn't really a good historical battle unless your playing as the Persians lol. SourceThe Greek alliance originally wanted to confront the Persians in Thessaly, the region just to the south of Macedon, at the Updates? Seeking a decisive victory over the Allied fleet, the Persian fleet attacked, but w… Therefore, Xerxes prepared himself well and built a very large army. The Battle of Thermopylae is often talked about in scholarly works or in pop culture. Cato on the other hand, discovered Callidromus at dawn, having previously lost his way during the night march. Leonidas famously replied, “Come and take them” (“Molon labe”). The Battle of Thermopylae has been a centerpiece of western and military history since it took place. Ephialtes, a Greek citizen desiring reward, informed Xerxes of a path that went around Thermopylae, thus rendering the Greeks’ line useless in preventing forward advancement of the Persian army. [21][22], Antiochus positioned his Macedonian phalanx behind the rampart while the argyraspides and the light infantry stood in front of it. [26] Flaccus likewise failed to make headway against the defenders of Teichius and Rhoduntia. [7], The Seleucid fleet sailed via Imbros and Skiathos, arriving at Demetrias where Antiochus' army disembarked. The Persian victory at Thermopylae allowed for Xerxes’ passage into southern Greece, which expanded the Persian empire even further.

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